191.255
All 1s 10.255.192.0 10.255.192.1 to 10.255.255.254 10.255.255.255
Starting a Cisco Router 271
??” Write the mask in binary, and draw a line to delineate the signi?¬?cant bits.
??” Place a line under the mask so that you can view the signi?¬?cant bits.
??” Copy the subnet bits four times.
??” De?¬?ne the network address by placing all 0s in the host bits.
??” De?¬?ne the broadcast address by placing all 1s in the host bits.
??” De?¬?ne the ?¬?rst and last host numbers.
??” Increment the subnet bits by 1.
Starting a Cisco Router
A Cisco router goes through its startup when it is ?¬?rst turned on and there is no
con?¬?guration saved. When the startup is completed, you can enter the initial software
con?¬?guration. Recognizing correct router startup is the ?¬?rst step in installing a Cisco router.
The router must start successfully and have a valid con?¬?guration to operate on the network.
This lesson describes how the router starts up and explains how to verify its initial
operation.
Initial Startup of a Cisco Router
The startup of a Cisco router requires verifying the physical installation, powering up the
router, and viewing the Cisco IOS Software output on the console. To start router
operations, the router completes the following tasks:
?– Runs the power-on self test (POST) to test the hardware
?– Finds and loads the Cisco IOS Software that the router uses for its operating system
?– Finds and applies the con?¬?guration statements about router-speci?¬?c attributes,
protocol functions, and interface addresses
When a Cisco router powers up, it performs a POST.
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