The chapter is organized as follows: Section 3.2 contains some background on research
and related work pertaining to RFID. The physical layer design automation ?¬‚ow is presented
in Section 3.3 with examples of encodings used in active, passive, and near-?¬?eld
communication standards. Section 3.4 describes the controller design automation ?¬‚ow
with examples demonstrated for various RFID standards such as ISO 18000 Part 7 and
Part 6C. Finally, conclusions are given in Section 3.5.
3.2 Background and Related Work
There has been an explosion of interest in RFID in the recent years. Research and development
in RFID has made possible its deployment in numerous applications including
supply chain management [3], automatic toll collection [4], retail stores [5], location sensing
[6], libraries [7,8], healthcare [9], airports [10,11], animal tracking [12], and building access
control.
Extensible RFID tag
Command
Physical layer
decoder
RX / TX
Customized
controller
Response
Physical layer
encoder FIGURE 3.2
Extensible RFID tag. Balloon objects
are automatically generated with
RFID compiler.
Design Automation for RFID Tags and Systems 37
Some of the open issues in the RFID domain are the existence of multiple standards,
handling of stored data, tag orientation, reader collision [13], range, cost, and security
concerns [14]. For active tags, maximizing battery life is an important concern.
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