Various regulatory and standardization bodies have tried to regulate the operations of
RFID readers. There are mainly two different standards on the spectrum management
adopted. One is the EN 302 208-1 v1.1.2: electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum
matters (ERM); RFID equipment operating in the band 865??“868 MHz with power levels up
to 2 W as introduced by the European regulatory body (ETSI, 2006) and the Title 47,
telecommunication, chapter 1, Part 15, radio frequency devices as introduced by Federal
Communications Commission (FCC, 2001).
The air interface and command sets between an RFID reader and an RFID tag are
standardized by the ??????EPC radio-frequency identity protocols class-1 generation-2 UHF
RFID protocol for communications at 860 MHz??“960 MHz version 1.0.9??™??™ as recommended
by EPCglobal.
As will be discussed in more detail in the later part of this chapter, the restrictions from
ETSI 302 208 that are put on the operation of RFID readers are very strict, making it quite
impossible to have an uncoordinated large-scale deployment of RFID readers. Hence, this
chapter introduces the idea of RFID reader synchronization to enable good RFID performance
in a dense reader environment while adhering to strict regulations.
The next section introduces the ETSI 302 208, FCC Part 15, and RFID UHF Protocol
standards and their impact on RFID reader deployment, especially in the Europe.
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